What does the pitot-static system measure?

The pitot-static system is an essential component of an aircraft's instrumentation, specifically designed to measure two critical types of air pressure: dynamic air pressure and static air pressure.

Dynamic air pressure is the pressure produced when air flows over the aircraft and is crucial for calculating the aircraft's airspeed. This is typically measured by the pitot tube, which is exposed to the airflow. On the other hand, static air pressure is the pressure of the surrounding air, which helps in determining altitude and vertical speed. This measurement is taken from static ports located on the airframe, which are designed to be unaffected by the airflow.

Together, the dynamic and static pressures from the pitot-static system are used to derive important flight parameters, including indicated airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed, which are vital for safe aircraft operation. This functionality makes the pitot-static system a foundational element of an aircraft's flight data measurement and instrument presentation.