What are the combined forces that create drag in an aircraft?

The combined forces that create drag in an aircraft are classified into two main types: induced drag and parasite drag. Induced drag occurs as a byproduct of lift production, typically increasing with higher angles of attack and associated with the phenomenon of vortex formation at the wingtips due to pressure differences. As lift increases, induced drag also rises, particularly during slower flight or when the aircraft is climbing.

Parasite drag, on the other hand, is related to the overall shape and surface area of the aircraft. It consists of three components: form drag, skin friction drag, and interference drag. This type of drag increases with speed and depends on the aircraft's cross-sectional area and texture, as well as the air's viscosity.

The interplay of these two types of drag — induced drag, which is tied to the generation of lift, and parasite drag, which is influenced by the aircraft's design — constitutes the total drag acting on an aircraft. Therefore, understanding the distinctions and behaviors of both induced and parasite drag is crucial for pilots in managing performance and efficiency during flight.